|
- Armando Sánchez Jaeger 1
- Evelyn Peña Perdomo 1
- Liseti Solano Rodríguez 1
- Amarilys García 2
Resumen.
Para conocer el riesgo de déficit nutricional antropométrico en el primer trimestre del embarazo, durante 1998 en la ciudad de Valencia se evaluaron 389 embarazadas (11,9±27, semanas) entre 13 y 41 años, en pobreza. Se preguntó peso pregestacional, se tomó peso, estatura, circunferencia braquial (CB) y pliegue tricipital. Se calculó área grasa (AG) y muscular (AM) e índice de masa corporal pregestacional (IMCP). Se utilizó el percentil 15 y el 85 como punto de corte para la CB, AG y AM "Bajo la norma" y "Sobre la norma" respectivamente. Se consideró en "Bajo peso" a toda madre con IMCP <19,8 Kg/m2 (32,2%). Se encontró riesgo nutricional en 145 gestantes: "Riesgo 1" toda madre con IMCP y CB bajo la norma (17,7%). "Riesgo 2"; toda madre con IMCP, CB y AG bajo la norma (13,3%) y "Riesgo 3"; toda madre con IMCP, CB, AG y AM bajo la norma (6,1%). El análisis multivariante tipo cluster reveló: El "Cluster A" agrupó el IMCP y CB considerados como "normal"; "Cluster B", agrupó IMCP y CB en "déficit" y el "Cluster C" IMCP, CB y AG en "exceso". 90 gestantes identificadas en riesgo antropométrico fueron captadas por el "Cluster B": 61%, 60% y 71% de las embarazadas en "Riesgo 1", "Riesgo 2" y "Riesgo 3" respectivamente. Según el IMCP existe alto riesgo nutricional. Utilizando dos o más variables antropométricas se permite identificar grupos potenciales de seguimiento y vigilancia nutricional. El método estadístico utilizado permitió validar la información obtenida con la antropometría. An Venez Nutr 2002; 15 (1): 25-30.
Palabras clave: Antropometría, riesgo nutricional, embarazadas, circunferencia media del brazo, índice de masa corporal pregestacional..
Risk of undernutrition in the first trimester of pregnancy
Abstract.
To assess nutritional anthropometric risk for low weight during the first trimester of pregnancy, 389 women (11.9±2.7 weeks of gestation), between 13 and 41 years of age, living in poverty in Valencia, Venezuela 1998 were studied. Pre-gestational weight (PGW), actual weight, height, mid arm circumference (MAC), and triceps skinfold were determined. Arm Fat Area (AFA), Arm Muscle Area (AMA) and Pre-gestational Body Mass Index (PBMI) were calculated. The cutoff points for MAC, AFA, and AMA were established between the 15th percentile ("Below the Norm") and the 85th ("Above the Norm"). Women with PBMI<19.8 kg/m2, were considered "Low Weight". 145 subjects were found at nutritional risk for low weight: The "Risk 1" group included women with PBMI and MAC below the norm (17.7%), "Risk 2" group was characterized by PBMI, MAC, and FA below the norm (13.3%), and "Risk 3" group by PBMI, MAC, FA and AMA below the norm (6.1%). From a multivariate cluster analysis three clusters emerged: "Cluster A" grouped subjects with "normal" PBMI and MAC, "Cluster B" grouped PBMI and MAC considered "deficient", and Cluster C grouped PBMI, MAC, and FA "in excess" or above the cutoff points. 90 women at risk were identified by Cluster B: 61% of group "Risk 1", 60% of group "Risk 2", and 71% of group "Risk 3". From these results we concluded that: according to PBMI, there is a high nutritional risk and that two or more anthropometric variables are needed to identify potential groups for nutritional interventions. An Venez Nutr 2002; 15 (1): 25-30.
Key words: Anthropometry, nutritional risk, pregnant women, mid arm circumference, pregestational body mass index.
|
